President Trump’s pick to replace Jerome H. Powell takes the helm at a highly uncertain moment for the economy and with heightened concern about the Federal Reserve’s ability to operate independently.

Here’s what to know about the biggest sources of tension in U.S.-China relations before the first summit in Beijing in nine years between the nations’ leaders.

Fervo Energy, which uses drilling techniques from the oil and gas industry to produce power from the earth’s heat, raised $1.9 billion in an initial public offering.

As the U.S. tries to rebuild its weapons stockpiles drained in the Iran war, it will need access to rare-earth minerals, an industry China dominates.

In a letter to President Trump, the spokesman, Rich Danker, said allowing the sale of flavored e-cigarettes would enhance their appeal to children.

Fatih Birol of the International Energy Agency, who orchestrated a multinational release of oil reserves, detailed the risks facing the economy now and beyond.

The government must return about $160 billion, plus interest, collected from duties deemed illegal and potentially more if it loses a related tariff case.

The Producer Price Index rose in April at its fastest pace in four years, government data showed, a day after consumer prices showed inflation was surging.

In a dispute over vapes, the president sided with tobacco companies that filled his groups’ coffers over his own F.D.A. commissioner, who resigned in protest.

Electric vehicle sales have soared in Europe and much of the rest of the world, but Americans are still hesitant.